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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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β-Cell function in postmenopausal women with isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia.

Chii-Min Hwu1,2, Yi-Chun Lin1,2, Kuan-Hung Lin3,4

  • 1Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of Diabetes
|May 26, 2017
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Summary

Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPH) in older women indicates impaired beta-cell function, with reduced early and late insulin release. This suggests beta-cell dysfunction is key in early type 2 diabetes mellitus development.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusinsulinpostmenopausepostprandial hyperglycemia糖尿病绝经后胰岛素餐后高血糖

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPH) is an early indicator of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Understanding insulin secretion in IPH offers insights into T2DM pathogenesis in older women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate insulin secretion profiles in postmenopausal women with IPH.
  • To determine the role of beta-cell function in the progression of glucose intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 555 postmenopausal women without T2DM history.
  • Administered a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to identify IPH.
  • Utilized general linear models to analyze glucose metabolism differences.

Main Results:

  • Women with IPH showed significantly decreased early-phase insulin responses compared to normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance groups.
  • Late-phase insulin release also decreased progressively from normal glucose tolerance to IPH.
  • Early insulin secretion's contribution to 2-h glucose was not significant after accounting for insulin resistance and late-phase release.

Conclusions:

  • Postmenopausal women with IPH exhibit impaired beta-cell function.
  • Progressive decreases in early and late insulin release correlate with escalating glucose intolerance.
  • Beta-cell dysfunction is a significant factor in early T2DM among postmenopausal women.