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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Falcon: a highly flexible open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience.

Davide Ciliberti¹, Fabian Kloosterman

¹Neuro-Electronic Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, Belgium. Brain & Cognition Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Neural Engineering

|May 27, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed Falcon, an open-source software for real-time neuroscience experiments. This platform offers sub-millisecond latency for high-performance brain dynamics analysis, enabling advanced closed-loop research.

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Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Published on: March 2, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Software Engineering

Background:

Closed-loop experiments are crucial for understanding brain dynamics.
Existing software platforms may lack the performance required for complex real-time data processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To create an open-source software platform, Falcon, for high-performance real-time processing of streaming experimental data.
To facilitate a wide range of closed-loop neuroscience experiments.

Main Methods:

Developed Falcon, a C++ multi-threaded software enabling arbitrary processing graph execution.
Nodes communicate via thread-safe buffers, allowing easy implementation of new processing nodes and data types.
Tested Falcon on workstations with varying core counts, using Neuralynx and Open Ephys hardware for data acquisition and digital output modules for closed-loop control.

Main Results:

Falcon achieved sub-millisecond intrinsic latency on Neuralynx hardware (<1 ms) and low latency (<15 ms) on Open Ephys hardware.
Software latency contribution was below 0.5 ms, consistent across different workstation core counts.
Successfully deployed Falcon for real-time detection of hippocampal population bursts with an average latency of ~40 ms.

Conclusions:

Falcon is a novel, open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience with sub-millisecond latency.
It provides experimenters direct control over CPU resources for computationally intensive tasks.
Falcon is poised to be a valuable tool for advanced neuroscience research, including real-time neural decoding and encoding.