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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

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HIV and mycobacteria.

Gary W Procop1

  • 1Staff, Pathology and Clinical Microbiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/LL2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|May 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex (MAC), are significant opportunistic pathogens in HIV patients. Treating these co-infections presents challenges due to drug resistance and complex interactions.

Keywords:
HIVMycobacteriaTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mycobacteria, particularly M. avium complex (MAC), have long been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in individuals with progressive HIV infection.
  • The devastating impact of the co-pandemic of HIV and M. tuberculosis has become increasingly apparent, leading to millions of annual deaths.
  • Other non-tuberculous mycobacteria, such as M. kansasii, M. haemophilum, and M. genevense, are also identified as opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant role of mycobacterial opportunistic infections in the context of HIV/AIDS.
  • To underscore the global health crisis posed by the HIV/M. tuberculosis co-pandemic.
  • To discuss the challenges associated with the concurrent treatment of HIV and mycobacterial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of the clinical and public health impact of mycobacterial co-infections in HIV.
  • Examination of treatment complexities arising from drug resistance and drug interactions.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterial infections, including MAC and M. tuberculosis, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients.
  • The synergy between HIV and M. tuberculosis constitutes a significant ongoing global health threat.
  • Several other mycobacterial species are recognized opportunistic pathogens in this vulnerable population.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterial infections remain critical opportunistic infections in individuals with HIV.
  • Effective management of HIV-infected patients requires addressing the dual burden of HIV and mycobacterial co-infections.
  • Overcoming challenges in treating these co-infections necessitates strategies to manage antimicrobial resistance and complex drug interactions.