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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model
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Epidemiology of cavernous malformations.

Hannah E Goldstein1, Robert A Solomon1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|May 30, 2017
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Summary

Cavernous malformations are rare central nervous system vascular lesions, often presenting with seizures. While some cases are familial, most are sporadic, with varying incidence and hemorrhage rates.

Keywords:
cavernous malformationepidemiologyincidencepopulationprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cavernous malformations (CMs) represent 5-15% of CNS vascular abnormalities.
  • These angiographically occult lesions frequently manifest as seizures, not acute hemorrhage.
  • The incidence varies globally, reported between 0.15-0.56 per 100,000 person-years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and clinical presentation of cavernous malformations.
  • To highlight the genetic associations and population variations in CM occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data on cavernous malformations.
  • Analysis of reported incidence, hemorrhage rates, and genetic associations.

Main Results:

  • Annual hemorrhage rates range from 0.6-11% per patient-year.
  • 0.17-0.9% of the population is affected by CMs, with up to 50% having a familial component.
  • Three gene loci are linked to familial CMs, more prevalent in Hispanic Americans.
  • Most CMs are supratentorial, with posterior fossa and spinal locations occurring less frequently.

Conclusions:

  • Cavernous malformations are significant neurological lesions with diverse presentations and genetic underpinnings.
  • Understanding their epidemiology is crucial for diagnosis and management.