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The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

Published on: February 16, 2022

Stapes prosthesis length and hearing outcomes.

Qasim Husain¹, Kenny F Lin¹, Samuel H Selesnick¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope

|June 1, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Prosthesis length is crucial for successful stapedotomy surgery outcomes. While patient height showed a weak correlation, precise prosthesis measurement remains key for optimizing hearing results after stapedotomy.

Keywords:

Stapedectomy otosclerosis prosthesis length prosthesis measurement stapedotomy

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Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Published on: March 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurosurgery
Audiology

Background:

Stapedotomy is a surgical procedure to restore hearing.
Prosthesis selection is critical for surgical success.
Optimizing hearing outcomes requires careful consideration of surgical variables.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of prosthesis length on hearing outcomes in stapedotomy.
To investigate the correlation between patient height and required prosthesis length.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 227 stapedotomy patients.
Analysis of prosthesis length, audiograms (pre- and postoperative), and follow-up data.
Correlation analysis between patient height and prosthesis length.

Main Results:

The 4.25 mm prosthesis group showed the greatest air-bone gap (ABG) improvement.
The 3.75 mm prosthesis group had the least ABG improvement.
Patient height demonstrated a weak, non-significant positive correlation with prosthesis length.

Conclusions:

Accurate prosthesis length measurement is vital for successful stapedotomy hearing outcomes.
While patient height may weakly correlate, it is not a significant predictor of prosthesis length.