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OPTIMAL REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT IN STOCHASTIC, DENSITY-DEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTS.

T G Benton1, A Grant2

  • 1Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 1, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms

Keywords:
Density-dependenceiteroparityreproductive effortsemelparitystochastic environments

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population dynamics
  • Life history theory

Background:

  • Reproductive effort strategies, such as semelparity and iteroparity, have been debated for decades.
  • Early models proposed simple rules based on juvenile versus adult survival variability.
  • More complex models revealed that variability's effect on reproductive strategy is multifaceted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) reproductive effort in stage-structured populations under density-dependent and stochastic conditions.
  • To investigate how environmental variability influences reproductive effort and strategy.
  • To determine the conditions favoring semelparity versus iteroparity in variable environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized novel techniques to estimate ESS reproductive effort for stage-structured models.
  • Incorporated density-dependent and stochastic factors into population models.
  • Analyzed the impact of variation in vital rates on reproductive effort.

Main Results:

  • Environmental variability significantly alters reproductive effort, with changes ranging from ±10% to 50% of deterministic ESS.
  • The direction and magnitude of change depend on population dynamics, density-affected vital rates, variation levels, rate correlations, and the distribution of variation.
  • Semelparity is the ESS in only 3.5% of simulated variable cases; iteroparity is the predominant strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental variability is a crucial factor shaping reproductive effort and life history strategies.
  • Iteroparity is generally favored over semelparity in variable environments.
  • The complex interplay of demographic factors dictates the precise evolutionary response to environmental stochasticity.