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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Modelling human skull growth: a validated computational model.

Joseph Libby1, Arsalan Marghoub2, David Johnson3

  • 1Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new computational model accurately simulates infant skull growth, aiding craniofacial surgery planning. This finite-element (FE) model, validated with physical and clinical data, offers insights into biomechanical forces during skull development.

Keywords:
finite elementhuman skull growthmodel validation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Computational Biology
  • Pediatric Craniology

Background:

  • Infant skull growth involves rapid brain development and neurocranium expansion.
  • Understanding biomechanical forces in skull growth is crucial for craniofacial surgery planning.
  • Current knowledge of skull growth biomechanics and its relation to soft tissues and bone plates is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computational finite-element (FE) model of skull growth.
  • To investigate the biomechanics of skull development in infants.
  • To provide a tool for future craniofacial surgical planning.

Main Methods:

  • Created an in vitro 3D printed model and an in silico FE model from infant micro-CT scans.
  • Validated the FE model using in vitro data with forces simulating brain growth (0-2 months).
  • Expanded the FE model (0-12 months) and compared it with in vivo clinical CT scans (n=56).

Main Results:

  • The FE model showed strong correlation with both in vitro (within 7.6% difference) and in vivo data (within 8.3% difference).
  • Size measurements (width, length, circumference) and overall shape were accurately predicted.
  • Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in male skull models.

Conclusions:

  • The validated FE model accurately simulates infant skull growth and biomechanics.
  • This computational approach can aid in preoperative planning for craniofacial surgeries.
  • Refinement of this model may help reduce reoperation rates in pediatric craniofacial procedures.