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Related Concept Videos

Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Based on Bernoulli's equation, the energy line (EL) and hydraulic grade line (HGL) provide graphical representations of energy distribution in a fluid flow system. For steady, incompressible, inviscid flows, Bernoulli's equation is expressed as:
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Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
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CLINES FOR HYBRID DYSFUNCTION IN A GRASSHOPPER HYBRID ZONE.

Sonia R Virdee1, Godfrey M Hewitt1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, vNorwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hybrid zones in grasshoppers show that genetic incompatibilities, initially causing sterile males (Haldane

Keywords:
Chorthippus parallelusHaldane's rulecrossing experimentsepistasishybrid zonetestis dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Hybrid zones form where distinct taxa interbreed, often exhibiting reduced offspring viability.
  • Haldane's rule, which predicts sterile males in F1 hybrids, is a common observation in such zones.
  • The grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus presents a hybrid zone in the Pyrenees with complex genetic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of hybrid dysfunction in Chorthippus parallelus.
  • To map the distribution of genes causing reproductive incompatibility within the hybrid zone.
  • To understand the evolutionary processes maintaining this hybrid zone.

Main Methods:

  • Reciprocal crosses between pure subspecies and individuals from the hybrid zone.
  • Assessment of offspring viability and fertility, particularly male sterility.
  • Mapping of clines for genes responsible for hybrid dysfunction.
  • Analysis using complex genetic models to account for observed patterns.

Main Results:

  • Haldane's rule applies to crosses between pure subspecies, but not to hybrids from the zone center.
  • Clines for dysfunction genes are noncoincident and suggest complex genetic interactions.
  • Observed hybrid dysfunction is less severe than predicted by simple models, indicating amelioration.
  • No abrupt transition between incompatible genomes was detected in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid dysfunction in Chorthippus parallelus has likely been ameliorated over time by evolutionary modifiers.
  • Complex genetic interactions and epistatic effects play a significant role in hybrid incompatibilities.
  • The hybrid zone is a tension zone maintained by selection and dispersal, with evolving genetic landscapes.