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[The GABA-ergic system and brain edema].

V S Iasnetsov, V E Novikov

    Biulleten' Eksperimental'Noi Biologii I Meditsiny
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Picrotoxin at 1 mg/kg blocks edema-reducing drugs in rats, but not at lower doses. High-dose picrotoxin also causes brain edema, suggesting GABA-positive drugs for edema treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuropharmacology
    • Toxicology
    • Edema research

    Background:

    • Edema, characterized by fluid accumulation, can result from toxic or traumatic insults.
    • GABAergic neurotransmission plays a role in regulating physiological processes.
    • Certain drugs like diazepam, phenazepam, phenibut, and amizyl exhibit antiedematous properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, on the antiedematous actions of various drugs.
    • To determine the dose-dependency of picrotoxin's effects on drug-induced edema reduction.
    • To explore the potential of picrotoxin to induce edema itself.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental induction of toxic and traumatic edema in rat models.
    • Administration of picrotoxin at different doses (1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) in conjunction with antiedematous drugs.
    • Observation and measurement of edema formation and reduction.
    • Prolonged daily administration of picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) to assess long-term effects.

    Main Results:

    • Picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) completely abolished the antiedematous effects of diazepam, phenazepam, phenibut, and amizyl.
    • Picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) reduced the efficacy of phentolamine in reducing edema.
    • A lower dose of picrotoxin (0.5 mg/kg) did not produce these inhibitory effects.
    • Chronic administration of picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) led to the development of brain edema in rats.

    Conclusions:

    • GABAergic neurotransmission is crucial for the antiedematous action of several tested drugs.
    • High doses of picrotoxin can antagonize beneficial drug effects and induce brain edema.
    • GABA-positive drugs are recommended as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for edema.

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