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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Variability in static alignment and kinematics for kinematically aligned TKA.

Willy Theodore¹, Joshua Twiggs², Elizabeth Kolos²

¹School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.

|June 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) shows greater variation in knee motion compared to mechanical alignment. Computational models may predict optimal alignment for improved patient function.

Keywords:

Computational analysis Kinematic alignment Kinematics Patello-femoral Patient specific Tibio-femoral

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical engineering
Computational modeling

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves pain and function but requires enhancement for patient satisfaction and restoring natural knee motion.
Active patients desire TKA that supports physically demanding activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the alignment and motion of kinematically aligned TKAs versus mechanically aligned TKAs.

Main Methods:

A patient-specific musculoskeletal computer simulation was employed.
Tibio-femoral and patello-femoral kinematics were compared between mechanically aligned and kinematically aligned TKA in 20 patients.

Main Results:

Kinematic alignment led to greater valgus femoral and varus tibial alignment relative to mechanical axes.
Tibio-femoral motion showed increased tibial external rotation and femoral flexion facet centre translation with kinematic alignment.
Patellofemoral joint analysis revealed plateauing patellar shift in kinematic alignment after 20-30° flexion, unlike the continuous decrease in mechanical alignment.

Conclusions:

Kinematic alignment demonstrated greater variability in tibio-femoral and patello-femoral motion compared to mechanical alignment.
Patient-specific alignment in kinematic TKA, influenced by preoperative knee state, results in kinematic variations.
Computational models offer potential for predicting optimal TKA alignment (native, kinematic, or mechanical) to enhance knee function.