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Celiac disease: From pathophysiology to treatment
Ilaria Parzanese1, Dorina Qehajaj1, Federica Patrinicola1
1Ilaria Parzanese, Luca Elli, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy.
Celiac disease (celiac sprue) is an inflammatory disorder triggered by gluten in susceptible individuals. Affecting 1% globally, it often presents with non-gastrointestinal symptoms, leading to under-recognition.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Immunology
Background:
- Celiac disease (celiac sprue) is a chronic small intestine inflammatory disorder.
- It results from gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals.
- Genetic factors involve the major histocompatibility complex region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on celiac disease epidemiology.
- To discuss pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis.
- To outline therapeutic management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent data on celiac disease.
- Synthesis of information on prevalence, triggers, and genetics.
- Analysis of diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- Celiac disease affects approximately 1% of the global population.
- Many patients lack typical gastrointestinal symptoms, presenting with nutritional deficiencies or asymptomatically.
- Under-recognition is a significant issue due to varied presentations.
Conclusions:
- Celiac disease is a common condition with diverse clinical manifestations.
- Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for patient health.
- Further research into pathogenesis and improved diagnostic tools are needed.
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