Development and validation of the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale
Yasunobu Komoto1, Akiyo Shoun2, Kumiko Akiyama3
1Yoshino Hospital, 2252, Zushi-tyo, Machida City, Tokyo 1940203 Japan.
Background:
A scale aimed at measuring ambivalence among people with pachinko/pachi-slot playing disorder, the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale (PPAS), was developed and its reliability and validity ascertained.
Methods:
A total of 522 participants (average year: 48.0) who were residing in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and had played pachinko within the previous year completed questions relating to demographics, four gambling-related scales (including South Oaks Gambling Screen) and two general ambivalence scales (including Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire).
Results:
Internal consistency (α = 0.87) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.66) were confirmed. The PPAS's score was associated with each related scale's score (r = 0.37-0.62).
Conclusions:
The PPAS was shown to be consistent with previous scales and useful in clinical settings.
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