Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
Published on: January 24, 2018
Current Orthobiologics for Elective Arthrodesis and Nonunions of the Foot and Ankle
1Podiatry Service, Ambulatory Care Services, University Hospital, 150 Bergen Street G-142, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Abstract:
A fusion rate of 100% would be ideal. Despite adhering to sound surgical principles, complete compliance, and no adverse comorbidities, that 100% fusion rate goal is elusive. Orthobiologics are a special class of materials developed to enhance the fusion rates in foot and ankle arthrodesis sites. Whether orthobiologics are used for the first fusion or reserved for a nonunion is debatable, especially when considering cost.
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Ankle Joint
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...