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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool-Age Children

Mini Tandon1, Alba Pergjika1

  • 1Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|June 5, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting attention and behavior. Treatment for preschoolers prioritizes behavioral interventions before considering medication, with exercise and nutrition also playing a role.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
  • ADHD frequently co-occurs with other conditions like oppositional defiant disorder and mood symptoms.
  • Etiology is complex, with non-specific neuroimaging findings and historical inconsistencies in assessment tool agreement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the treatment algorithm for ADHD in preschoolers.
  • To discuss various nonpharmacologic and nonbehavioral interventions for ADHD.
  • To highlight the role of exercise and nutrition in managing ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment guidelines for pediatric ADHD.
  • Discussion of evidence for behavioral interventions.
  • Exploration of nonpharmacologic strategies including diet and physical activity.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral interventions are the first-line treatment for preschoolers with ADHD.
  • Psychopharmacologic treatment is considered if behavioral therapies are ineffective.
  • Nonpharmacologic approaches, including exercise and nutrition, are discussed as adjunctive or alternative strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The management of ADHD in preschoolers follows a stepwise approach, prioritizing behavioral interventions.
  • A comprehensive strategy for ADHD may incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside established treatments.
  • Further research into the efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions for ADHD is warranted.

Keywords:
AssessmentAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderPreschool childrenTreatment

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