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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Structural dynamics of the nuclear pore complex.

Yusuke Sakiyama1, Radhakrishnan Panatala1, Roderick Y H Lim1

  • 1Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|June 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic nuclear pore complex (NPC) barrier function relies on the flexible movements of phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins (FG Nups). This flexibility allows NPCs to regulate molecular transport efficiently based on cellular needs.

Keywords:
High-speed atomic force microscopyIntrinsically disordered proteinsNuclear basketNuclear pore complexNucleoporinStructural dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential for nucleocytoplasmic transport.
  • Recent structural advancements provide high resolution of NPCs.
  • The precise mechanisms governing NPC transport selectivity and speed are still unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of dynamic FG Nup behavior in NPC permeability.
  • To understand how FG Nup nanoscopic movements influence transport.
  • To investigate the relationship between NPC structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses current understanding of FG Nup dynamics.
  • Postulates mechanisms for transport selectivity based on FG Nup flexibility.
  • Integrates structural and functional aspects of NPC transport.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic FG Nup behavior is proposed as key to NPC permeability.
  • Flexibility in FG Nups may allow adaptive transport regulation.
  • Structural flexibility might extend across the entire NPC.

Conclusions:

  • FG Nup dynamics are crucial for NPC barrier function.
  • NPCs likely possess adaptive permeability based on cellular requirements.
  • Structural flexibility is a potential unifying principle for NPC operation.