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A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
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Shape-transformable liquid metal nanoparticles in aqueous solution.

Yiliang Lin1, Yang Liu2, Jan Genzer1

  • 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC 27695-7905 , USA . Email: jgenzer@ncsu.edu ;

Chemical Science
|June 6, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stable liquid metal nanoparticles are formed from eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) via sonication. Heating EGaIn suspensions transforms liquid nanoparticles into solid rods and creates indium nanoparticles through dealloying.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Stable nanoparticle suspensions are crucial for advanced material applications.
  • Controlling the shape and composition of nanoparticles is a key challenge in nanotechnology.
  • Eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) is a versatile liquid metal alloy with potential in various fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for creating stable suspensions of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) liquid metal nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles from liquid to solid states upon heating.
  • To explore the dealloying process for generating novel indium nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Probe-sonication of EGaIn in aqueous solutions with cationic surfactants.
  • Controlled heating of the EGaIn nanoparticle suspensions.
  • Characterization using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Main Results:

  • Stable EGaIn liquid metal nanoparticles were formed using sonication and stabilized by surfactants.
  • Moderate heating induced a liquid-to-solid transformation, forming gallium oxide monohydroxide (GaOOH) rods.
  • Selective removal of gallium during heating led to the formation of indium nanoparticles (dealloying).
  • This process was demonstrated for various gallium-based alloys, including ternary systems.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for transforming liquid metal nanoparticles into solid nanostructures and producing indium nanoparticles via dealloying has been established.
  • Heating acts as a driving force for oxidation and phase transformation, contrary to typical melting.
  • The findings offer a versatile platform for creating functional nanomaterials from liquid metal alloys.