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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Will Angiosocopy Replace Operative Arteriography in the 1990s?
1Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Abstract:
Vascular surgeons have always been concerned with the intra-operative assessment of their reconstructions. Failure of vascular reconstructions in the early post-operative period is most commonly a result of a technical error at the time of surgery. Hence, any technique which aids the vascular surgeon in evaluating his reconstruction and in preventing technical errors will be beneficial to both the surgeon and their patient. Traditionally, intra-operative arteriography has been the 'gold standard' for evaluating vascular surgical procedures.
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