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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Enhancing Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer with Si-based Metasurfaces.

V Fernández-Hurtado1,2,3, F J García-Vidal1,4, Shanhui Fan2

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Metasurfaces significantly boost near-field radiative heat transfer between objects. This enhancement, achieved using silicon metasurfaces, relies on tunable surface plasmon polaritons for efficient heat conductance at room temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Thermal Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) is crucial for nanoscale thermal management.
  • Controlling NFRHT is challenging due to material limitations and distance dependence.
  • Metasurfaces offer novel ways to manipulate electromagnetic waves and thermal radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of metasurfaces for enhancing NFRHT.
  • To demonstrate a viable strategy for tuning and improving heat transfer between extended structures.
  • To explore silicon-based metasurfaces for room-temperature NFRHT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) was employed for theoretical prediction.
  • Simulations focused on silicon metasurfaces with 2D periodic arrays of holes.
  • Analysis of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) properties and their role in heat transfer.

Main Results:

  • Predicted a significantly enhanced near-field radiative heat conductance using Si metasurfaces.
  • Observed heat conductance values exceeding those of unstructured materials.
  • Demonstrated enhancement across a broad range of separation distances.

Conclusions:

  • Metasurfaces are a promising strategy for large-scale tuning and enhancement of NFRHT.
  • Tunable SPPs in metasurfaces are key to overcoming limitations in radiative heat transfer.
  • Silicon metasurfaces offer a practical route to high near-field thermal conductance at room temperature.