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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.1K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.1K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

19.8K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
19.8K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

19.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
19.0K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

13.4K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
13.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.5K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.5K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.2K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.2K

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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

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Local Structure and Short-Range Order in a NiCoCr Solid Solution Alloy.

F X Zhang1, Shijun Zhao1, Ke Jin1

  • 1Division of Materials Science and Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-range order in Nickel-Cobalt-Chromium (NiCoCr) alloys was investigated. Findings reveal favorable Nickel-Chromium and Cobalt-Chromium bonds, impacting conductivity and enhanced by irradiation.

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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

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Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Multielement solid solution alloys possess unique properties derived from their atomic-scale disorder.
  • Understanding local structural characteristics is crucial for optimizing alloy performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local atomic structure of NiCoCr solid solution alloys.
  • To determine the influence of short-range order on alloy properties.
  • To examine the effect of irradiation on the short-range order.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray and neutron total scattering techniques were employed.
  • Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was utilized for detailed analysis.
  • Atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was performed.

Main Results:

  • PDF analysis showed no significant structural distortions in the NiCoCr alloy.
  • EXAFS analysis indicated preferential Ni-Cr and Co-Cr bonding, suggesting short-range order (SRO).
  • This SRO correlates with reduced electrical and thermal conductivities.
  • Ni ion irradiation was found to enhance the degree of SRO in the alloy.

Conclusions:

  • Short-range order, specifically favorable Cr bonding, is a key feature in NiCoCr alloys.
  • SRO significantly influences the electronic and thermal transport properties.
  • Irradiation can be used to modify and potentially enhance SRO in these alloys.