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Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Definitions, Epidemiology, and Implications.
1Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, 621 North Hall Street, #H030, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; The Heart Hospital, 1100 Allied Drive, Plano, TX 75093, USA.
Interventional Cardiology Clinics
|June 6, 2017
Summary
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) from iodinated contrast can be subclinical or clinical. Both forms are linked to serious adverse outcomes, including long-term kidney damage and mortality.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Radiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Intravascular iodinated contrast administration is common in medical imaging and procedures.
- Contrast-induced nephropathy, now termed contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), is a known complication.
- CI-AKI encompasses both subclinical and clinical manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest literature on subclinical CI-AKI detected by novel biomarkers.
- To review the latest literature on clinical CI-AKI identified by changes in serum creatinine and urine output.
- To summarize the adverse outcomes associated with both components of CI-AKI.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on CI-AKI.
- Analysis of novel biomarkers for subclinical CI-AKI detection.
- Evaluation of clinical criteria (serum creatinine, urine output) for CI-AKI diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Subclinical CI-AKI can be detected using emerging biomarkers.
- Clinical CI-AKI is characterized by elevated serum creatinine and reduced urine output.
- Both subclinical and clinical CI-AKI are associated with significant adverse outcomes.
Conclusions:
- CI-AKI, whether subclinical or clinical, portends a poor prognosis.
- Adverse outcomes include increased hospitalization, need for renal replacement therapy, and mortality.
- Early detection and management strategies for CI-AKI are crucial.
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