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Macrocytosis secondary to hydroxyurea therapy.

Francisco O Conrado1, Amy L Weeden1, Abbie L Speas2

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Veterinary Clinical Pathology
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Hydroxyurea therapy can cause macrocytosis, an increase in red blood cell size, in dogs. This finding is important for diagnosing blood abnormalities in dogs undergoing cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mast cell tumors are common in dogs.
  • Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various conditions.
  • Macrocytosis can be a side effect of certain medications.

Observation:

  • A Shetland Sheepdog treated with hydroxyurea developed progressive macrocytosis.
  • The dog exhibited mild anemia without increased polychromasia.
  • Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly during treatment.

Findings:

  • Hydroxyurea therapy was diagnosed as the cause of macrocytosis.
  • Macrocytosis resolved after discontinuing hydroxyurea.
  • This is consistent with known effects in humans and canines.

Implications:

  • Hydroxyurea should be considered a differential diagnosis for macrocytosis in dogs.
  • Monitoring red blood cell parameters is crucial during hydroxyurea treatment.
  • This case highlights drug-induced hematologic changes in veterinary oncology.