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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Benign Bone Conditions That May Be FDG-avid and Mimic Malignancy.

Thomas C Kwee¹, John M H de Klerk², Maarten Nix³

¹Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

|June 7, 2017

Summary

¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET scans can show benign bone conditions that mimic cancer. Recognizing these benign FDG-avid lesions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures.

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Area of Science:

Nuclear Medicine
Radiology
Oncology

Background:

¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is vital for assessing bone pathology.
FDG is not specific to cancer, leading to potential misinterpretation of benign bone conditions as malignant.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and illustrate benign bone conditions that exhibit high FDG uptake, mimicking malignancy.
To aid clinicians in differentiating benign from malignant FDG-avid bone lesions, optimizing patient management.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of benign bone pathologies with FDG avidity.
Categorization of benign conditions including infections, systemic diseases, primary bone lesions, and miscellaneous findings.
Illustration of imaging characteristics to differentiate benign from malignant lesions.

Main Results:

FDG avidity is observed in various benign bone conditions such as osteomyelitis, brown tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, bone cysts, fractures, and Paget disease.
Ancillary clinical and imaging findings can assist in distinguishing benign from malignant FDG-avid bone lesions.
Distinguishing benign from malignant lesions can be challenging, sometimes necessitating tissue biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

Conclusions:

A wide spectrum of benign bone conditions can present as FDG-avid lesions on PET scans.
Awareness of these mimics is essential for accurate interpretation and appropriate patient management, potentially avoiding invasive procedures.
While imaging aids differentiation, definitive diagnosis may require histopathological confirmation.