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How scenes containing visual errors affect speech fluency in young and older adults.

Lori E James1, Brittany N Chambers1, Chelsea L Placzek1

  • 1a Psychology Department , University of Colorado Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs , CO , USA.

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Summary

Older adults exhibit more speech disfluencies, particularly mid-phrase fillers when processing errors. This suggests age-related challenges in speech fluency and word retrieval.

Keywords:
Speech productionTransmission Deficit Hypothesiserror descriptionpicture descriptionspeech fluency

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Speech fluency can decline with age, potentially due to cognitive changes.
  • Disfluencies like fillers, repetitions, and repairs are common in speech.
  • Understanding age-related differences in disfluencies provides insight into cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare speech disfluencies between young and older adults.
  • To investigate how visual errors in a task affect speech fluency in different age groups.
  • To examine age-related changes in specific disfluency types: mid-phrase fillers, repetitions, and repairs.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (young and older adults) performed an error detection task involving pictures.
  • Speech was analyzed for three types of disfluencies: mid-phrase fillers, repetitions, and repairs.
  • Picture stimuli included both error-free and error-containing images.

Main Results:

  • Older adults produced more mid-phrase fillers than young adults, specifically when describing error-containing pictures.
  • This interaction suggests novel information processing, especially with errors, impacts older adults' speech fluency.
  • Older adults generally produced more repetitions and repairs than young adults, irrespective of picture type.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related increases in speech disfluencies, particularly repetitions and repairs, are evident.
  • The heightened use of mid-phrase fillers by older adults in error conditions points to word retrieval difficulties.
  • Findings align with theories on age-related speech fluency decline, such as the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis.