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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
Published on: August 6, 2019
Joe Iwanaga1, Koichi Watanabe2, Tsuyoshi Saga2
1Seattle Science Foundation.
Surface-rendered images may miss smaller accessory mental foramina (AMF). Clinicians must be aware of this limitation to prevent accidental injury during procedures, as even small AMF require careful avoidance.
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