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Robust EPI Nyquist ghost removal by incorporating phase error correction with sensitivity encoding (PEC-SENSE).

Victor B Xie1,2, Mengye Lyu1,2, Yilong Liu1,2

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Summary

This study introduces a new method for correcting Nyquist ghosting in echo planar imaging (EPI) using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). The technique effectively removes ghosting without reducing image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improving image quality in MRI scans.

Keywords:
EPIMRINyquist ghostSENSEparallel imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Image Reconstruction
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Echo planar imaging (EPI) is prone to Nyquist ghosting artifacts.
  • Existing parallel imaging methods for EPI ghost correction can amplify image noise.
  • Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is a parallel imaging technique used in MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for Nyquist ghost correction in EPI using SENSE.
  • To eliminate ghosting artifacts without compromising image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • To improve the quality of EPI images acquired with parallel imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of ghost-free images from positive and negative echoes using SENSE.
  • Estimation of a phase error map from multi-channel data.
  • Incorporation of the phase error map into SENSE reconstruction for robust ghost correction.
  • Evaluation using phantom and in vivo EPI experiments at 7 T and 3 T.

Main Results:

  • Effective removal of Nyquist ghosting under various imaging conditions, including oblique imaging and poor eddy currents.
  • Image SNR comparable to traditional linear phase correction methods.
  • Higher image SNR compared to previous SENSE-based parallel imaging correction approaches.
  • Successful ghost elimination without additional calibration data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method robustly eliminates Nyquist ghosting while preserving image SNR.
  • This approach is readily applicable to all EPI applications.
  • It offers an improvement over existing SENSE-based ghost correction techniques.