Therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis: Past, present and future

Christian Weber1, Lina Badimon, François Mach

  • 1Dr. Christian Weber or Dr. Emiel van der Vorst, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany, Tel.: +49 89 4400 54610, Fax: + 49 89 4400 54352, E-mail: christian.weber@med.uni-muenchen.de or, Emiel.Van_der_Vorst@med.uni-muenchen.de.

Insights

Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis are major global health threats. This review covers current and emerging anti-inflammatory therapies to reduce residual risk and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Inflammation Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis are leading global causes of mortality.
  • Understanding has evolved from lipid-driven to a multifactorial inflammatory process.
  • This shift necessitates novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis research.
  • To review current state-of-the-art therapies for these conditions.
  • To highlight promising future therapeutic strategies and clinical investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical data and current research.
  • Synopsis of existing therapeutic options for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.
  • Analysis of ongoing investigations into novel and combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • Current therapies address aspects of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.
  • Significant residual risk persists despite existing treatments.
  • Emerging anti-inflammatory and combination therapies show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research and clinical trials are crucial for advancing treatment.
  • Novel therapeutic combinations aim to further reduce residual cardiovascular risk.
  • Future developments promise improved management of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.

Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
520
Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
532
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
346
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
443
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
366
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
650