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Related Concept Videos

Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

661
Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
661
Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

770
Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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False Memories01:18

False Memories

543
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
543
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

563
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

514
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
514

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[A case of various illusion, and hallucination caused by occipital lobe infarction].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2018
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Auditory agnosia associated with bilateral putaminal hemorrhage: A case report of clinical course of recovery.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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[Pure Amnesia].

Koichi Tagawa1, Haruki Tokida

  • 1Higher Brain Dysfunction Center, Nagao Hospital.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pure amnesia, a brain syndrome, impairs episodic memory while preserving other memory types. Specific brain lesions, particularly in the Papez circuit, cause this condition, often affecting the thalamus or hippocampus.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Pure amnesia (amnesic syndrome) is an organic brain disorder.
  • It is characterized by impaired episodic memory (anterograde or retrograde loss).
  • Semantic, immediate, and procedural memory remain intact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical cases of pure amnesia.
  • To identify the cerebrovascular lesions causing pure amnesia.
  • To correlate specific brain regions with amnesia types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical cases of pure amnesia.
  • Correlation of brain imaging findings with memory deficits.
  • Review of lesions within the Papez and Yakovlev circuits.

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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Main Results:

  • Pure amnesia often results from lesions restricted to the Papez circuit.
  • Predominant types identified were thalamic and hippocampal amnesia.
  • Thalamic amnesia linked to thalamotuberal/paramedian thalamic artery infarction or medial thalamic hemorrhage.
  • Hippocampal amnesia associated with posterior cerebral artery temporal branch infarction.
  • Retrosplenial, fornix, mammillary body, and caudate lesions also implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular disease is a common cause of pure amnesia.
  • Specific lesions in the thalamus and hippocampus are primary causes.
  • Understanding lesion location is crucial for diagnosing and understanding amnesia subtypes.