A comprehensive analysis and annotation of human normal urinary proteome

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Proteomics
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Urine reflects physiological changes, making it valuable for early disease biomarker discovery.
• Blood homeostasis limits its utility for detecting subtle, early disease indicators.
• A comprehensive urinary proteome profile is crucial for understanding urine's diagnostic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform an in-depth analysis of the human urinary proteome.
• To identify and quantify proteins in healthy urine using advanced separation techniques.
• To establish a foundational understanding of urinary proteins for biomarker research.

Main Methods:

• Utilized multiple separation strategies: 1D LC/MS/MS, 2D LC/MS/MS.
• Employed gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis/liquid-phase isoelectric focusing followed by 2D LC/MS/MS.
• Applied intensity-based absolute quantification for protein concentration estimation.

Main Results:

• Identified a total of 6085 proteins in healthy urine.
• Reported 2001 novel proteins not previously documented in urine studies.
• Estimated concentrations for 2571 proteins across a 10^6 magnitude range.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a comprehensive human urine proteome dataset.
• Identified novel urinary proteins expand the potential for early disease biomarker discovery.
• The Human Urine Proteome Database offers valuable resources for researchers.