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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
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Prediabetes: The Variation between HbA1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose.

K A M White1,2, S Daneshvari3, J Lilyquist1,2

  • 1Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

International Journal of Diabetology & Vascular Disease Research
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

HbA1c testing identifies more cases of prediabetes and diabetes than Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) testing, especially in diverse populations. This difference in sensitivity has significant implications for healthcare policy and practice regarding diabetes screening.

Keywords:
DiabetesEthnicityHispanicsType 2 Diabetes

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing globally.
  • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are standard diagnostic markers for diabetes and prediabetes.
  • Understanding diagnostic discrepancies is crucial for effective population health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and glycemic control using FPG versus HbA1c.
  • To analyze these differences in elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic White populations in New Mexico.
  • To inform future healthcare policy and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of HbA1c and FPG diagnostic criteria.
  • Chi-Square analysis to assess agreement across gender and ethnicity.
  • Non-parametric regression with locally weighted smoothing to explore FPG-HbA1c relationships.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in sensitivity between HbA1c and FPG for identifying prediabetes and diabetes.
  • HbA1c identified more individuals with prediabetes (30% overlap) and diabetes compared to FPG.
  • Poor overall agreement (Kappa 0.22-0.34) between HbA1c and FPG, particularly by sex and ethnicity.
  • Hispanics showed higher rates of uncontrolled diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • HbA1c and FPG exhibit differing sensitivities for diabetes detection across ethnic groups.
  • Utilizing HbA1c over FPG leads to higher reported rates of prediabetes and diabetes.
  • Findings necessitate re-evaluation of screening strategies and healthcare resource allocation.