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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
The Mycobiome: Impact on Health and Disease States
Najla El-Jurdi1, Mahmoud A Ghannoum2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
Abstract:
The term "microbiome" refers to microorganisms (microbiota) and their genomes (metagenome) coexisting with their hosts. Some researchers coined the term "second genome" to underscore the importance of the microbiota and its collective metagenome on their host's health and/or disease. It is now undeniable that the commensal fungal microorganisms, alongside the other components of the microbiota, play a central role in association with the human host. In recognition, projects were launched nationally and internationally to unify efforts to characterize the microbiome and elucidate the functional role of the microbiota and the mechanism(s) by which these organisms and their metabolites (metabolome) may affect health and disease states. In this article, we will highlight the role of the fungal community as an indispensable component of the microbiome.
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