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Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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A DNA-Programmed Liposome Fusion Cascade.

Philipp M G Löffler1, Oliver Ries1, Alexander Rabe1

  • 1Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a DNA-encoded method for sequentially fusing liposome populations, enabling controlled mixing of contents. This synthetic biology advance offers a new platform for artificial cellular systems and synthetic pathways.

Keywords:
giant unilamellar vesiclesliposomesmembrane fusionself-assemblyvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemically engineered nanoscale compartments are crucial for bottom-up synthetic biology.
  • Complex designs require precise spatial and temporal control over encapsulated molecules.
  • Existing methods for vesicle fusion often rely on proteins, limiting versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a DNA-encoded system for controlled, sequential fusion of multiple liposome populations.
  • To enable spatial and temporal control over entrapped species in synthetic compartments.
  • To create a versatile platform for artificial cellular systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing membrane-anchored oligonucleotides for DNA hybridization-induced fusion.
  • Designing orthogonal oligonucleotide sets to trigger successive fusion events.
  • Applying the method to both small and giant unilamellar vesicles.

Main Results:

  • Achieved three individual, orthogonally induced stages of liposome fusion.
  • Demonstrated efficient content mixing and transfer of recognition units at each fusion stage.
  • Showcased the platform's applicability to various vesicle types.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA-encoded fusion cascade provides a versatile and controllable method for assembling synthetic cellular systems.
  • This approach bypasses the need for fusion proteins, offering broader applicability.
  • The platform has significant potential for advancing liposome-based synthetic pathways and artificial cell development.