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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water
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Rapid Waterborne Pathogen Detection with Mobile Electronics.

Tsung-Feng Wu1, Yu-Chen Chen2, Wei-Chung Wang3

  • 1VOR, Inc., San Diego 92122, CA, USA. tfwu@vorsense.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new immunoagglutination protocol with microfluidics enables rapid, low-cost detection of waterborne pathogens like E. coli O157:H7. This method uses smartphone imagers for on-site testing, ensuring public safety without complex lab procedures.

Keywords:
field testingfluorescent-free labelingmobile electronicspathogen identification detectionwaterborne

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biosensing technology
  • Point-of-care diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate and rapid pathogen detection in water is crucial for public health.
  • Traditional methods like fluorescent labeling and culture-based incubation are time-consuming and require specialized equipment.
  • Field-deployable, low-cost solutions are needed for real-time water quality monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for quantifying waterborne pathogens.
  • To integrate immunoagglutination with microfluidics and mobile imaging for field detection.
  • To establish a protocol for direct pathogen detection from water samples.

Main Methods:

  • An immunoagglutination-based protocol was combined with a microfluidic device.
  • Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imagers from mobile electronics were utilized for detection.
  • The protocol involved filtration enrichment, immune-reaction detection, and image processing of 10 mL water samples.

Main Results:

  • A low-cost, one-step reaction detection protocol was successfully developed.
  • The system achieved a limit of detection of 10 E. coli O157:H7 cells per 10 mL.
  • Rapid detection was demonstrated with a turnaround time of under 10 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol enables direct quantification of pathogen levels in water samples.
  • Integration with smartphones allows for rapid and reproducible field detection of waterborne pathogens.
  • This approach offers a viable alternative to complex laboratory-based detection methods, enhancing public safety.