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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Energy Transfer between Spatially Separated Entangled Molecules.

Xiaolan Zhong1, Thibault Chervy1, Lei Zhang1

  • 1ISIS & icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, S, trasbourg, 67000, France.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strong light-matter coupling enables molecular entanglement via light fields. This study shows efficient energy transfer between distant molecules, independent of separation when strong coupling is maintained.

Keywords:
cyanine dyesnon-radiative energy transferquantum entanglementstrong coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Light-matter strong coupling can entangle molecular wave functions.
  • Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is typically distance-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate non-radiative energy transfer beyond the Förster limit.
  • To investigate distance-independent energy transfer in strongly coupled systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing transient dynamics and static spectra analysis.
  • Employing cyanine dyes as donor and acceptor molecules.
  • Strongly coupling molecules to a cavity field.

Main Results:

  • Achieved energy transfer efficiency approaching 37% for distances ≥100 nm.
  • Observed energy transfer independence of distance under maintained strong coupling.
  • Demonstrated non-radiative energy transfer significantly exceeding the Förster limit.

Conclusions:

  • Strong coupling creates delocalized polaritonic states facilitating long-range energy transfer.
  • Distance-independent energy transfer is a hallmark of quantum entanglement in light-matter systems.