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Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

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Immunity, host physiology, and behaviour in infected vectors.

Courtney C Murdock¹, Shirley Luckhart², Lauren J Cator³

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens GA 30602, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens GA 30602, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens GA 30602, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens GA 30602, USA; University of Georgia Riverbasin Center, University of Georgia,203 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Current Opinion in Insect Science

|June 13, 2017

Summary

Pathogen manipulation alters host behavior for pathogen benefit. Considering host response and physiology is crucial for understanding vector-borne diseases like malaria in mosquitoes.

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Behavioral Ecology
Disease Ecology

Background:

Infectious diseases can manipulate host behavior to benefit pathogen transmission.
Vector-borne diseases often involve complex host-pathogen interactions influencing behavior.
Understanding these manipulations is key to controlling disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of host response and physiology in pathogen-induced behavioral changes.
To explore how these factors influence phenotypes in vector-borne diseases.
To provide a framework for studying host-pathogen interactions in disease systems.

Main Methods:

Review of recent research on malaria parasite-infected mosquitoes.
Analysis of altered host-seeking behavior in infected vectors.
Conceptual integration of host response and physiological data.

Main Results:

Host response and physiology significantly impact behavioral manipulation by pathogens.
Altered host-seeking behavior in malaria-infected mosquitoes exemplifies this interaction.
Considering host factors offers a more comprehensive understanding of disease dynamics.

Conclusions:

Host response and physiology are critical, often overlooked, components of pathogen-driven behavioral manipulation.
This integrated approach is valuable for studying various vector-borne diseases.
Further research incorporating host factors will enhance disease control strategies.