Fluconazole and its interaction with metal (II) complexes: SEM, Spectroscopic and antifungal studies
Mohsin Ali1, Mansoor Ahmed2, Shakil Ahmed3
1Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The human digestive tract contains some 100 trillion cells and thousands of species of micro-organisms may be present as normal flora of this tract as well as other mucocutaneous junctions of the body. Candida specie is the most common organism residing in these areas and can easily invade the internal tissues in cases of loss of host defenses. Modifications of previously existing antifungal agents may provide new options to fight against these species. Inorganic compounds of different antifungals are under investigations. Present study report six complexes of fluconazole with Cu (II)), Fe(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV and H-NMR. The elemental analysis and spectroscopic data were found in agreement with the expected values as the metal to ligand value was 1:2 ratios with two chlorides in coordination sphere. The morphology of each complex was studied using scanning electron microscope and compared with fluconazole molecule the flaky-slab rock like particles of pure fluconazole was also observed as reported earlier. However, the complexes of fluconazole were showed different morphology in their micrograph. Fluconazole and its complex derivatives have also been screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against Candida albican and Aspergillus niger by MIC method. The complexes showed varied activity ranging from 2-20%.
Insights
Researchers synthesized novel fluconazole metal complexes to combat Candida infections. These complexes demonstrated varying in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, offering potential new therapeutic options.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Mycology
- Medicinal Chemistry
Background:
- The human digestive tract harbors a complex microbiome, including Candida species, which can cause infections when host defenses are compromised.
- Existing antifungal agents have limitations, driving research into novel derivatives and compounds.
- Inorganic compounds of antifungals are being investigated for enhanced efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize novel metal complexes of fluconazole.
- To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of these complexes against pathogenic fungi.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of six fluconazole complexes with Cu(II), Fe(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Mn(II).
- Characterization using elemental analysis, IR, UV, and H-NMR spectroscopy.
- Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy.
- In vitro antifungal activity screening using the MIC method against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis and characterization of fluconazole metal complexes with a 1:2 metal-to-ligand ratio.
- Distinct morphologies observed for the complexes compared to pure fluconazole.
- In vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger ranged from 2-20%.
Conclusions:
- Fluconazole metal complexes exhibit varying antifungal properties.
- These novel complexes represent a potential avenue for developing new antifungal therapies.
- Further research into these metal complexes could lead to improved treatments for fungal infections.
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