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Updated: Feb 28, 2026
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Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients
Published on: March 1, 2024
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CMCD: Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Disease.
1Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences.
Summary
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) involves persistent Candida infections. Impaired interleukin-17 (IL-17) immunity causes CMC, with genetic defects identified in both CMC disease and syndromic forms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by recurrent Candida infections of the skin, nails, and mucosa.
- Interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for mucosal immunity against Candida.
- Impairments in IL-17 immunity are increasingly recognized as underlying CMC development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic etiologies of CMC disease (CMCD) and syndromic CMC.
- To summarize current knowledge regarding IL-17-signaling defects in these conditions.
- To differentiate genetic causes in primary immunodeficiency (CMCD) versus syndromic forms of CMC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on IL-17 immunity, genetic defects, CMCD, and syndromic CMC.
- Analysis of genetic findings related to Th17 cell development and IL-17 signaling pathways.
- Synthesis of information on clinical phenotypes and genetic etiologies.
Main Results:
- Genetic defects affecting Th17 cell development/proliferation are linked to syndromic CMC.
- Germline mutations in IL-17 signaling pathway genes are identified in CMCD.
- Both CMCD and syndromic CMC involve disruptions in IL-17 immunity but differ in genetic basis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding IL-17-signaling defects and genetic mutations is key to diagnosing and managing CMC.
- Genetic investigations are crucial for distinguishing between CMCD and syndromic CMC.
- Further research into IL-17 immunity can elucidate mechanisms of host defense against Candida.
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