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Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Metacognition01:26

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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Improving self-regulated learning with a retrieval practice intervention.

Robert Ariel1, Jeffrey D Karpicke1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Students often struggle with effective learning strategies. A simple intervention improved how students used repeated retrieval practice, leading to better long-term memory retention and more effective self-regulated learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Repeated retrieval practice is crucial for long-term memory retention.
  • Students frequently employ retrieval practice ineffectively when self-regulating their learning processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a minimal intervention designed to enhance students' self-regulated application of repeated retrieval practice.
  • To improve students' ability to regulate their learning and optimize the use of retrieval practice.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted where students learned foreign language word pairs.
  • Participants decided when to study, practice retrieval, or cease learning.
  • One group received direct instruction on optimal retrieval practice (recalling correctly 3 times).

Main Results:

  • The intervention group demonstrated more effective self-regulated use of retrieval practice compared to the control group.
  • Students receiving instruction showed significantly better retention of foreign language translations.
  • Intervention participants spontaneously utilized repeated retrieval practice for new material one week later.

Conclusions:

  • A minimal instructional intervention can significantly improve students' self-regulated use of retrieval practice.
  • This intervention promotes better learning outcomes and suggests potential for long-term changes in self-regulated learning strategies.
  • Findings offer a foundation for developing guidelines to teach students effective learning regulation techniques.