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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

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Working memory operates over the same representations as attention.

Ke Chen1,2,3, Yanyan Ye1,2,3, Jiushu Xie1,2,3

  • 1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

Plos One
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) shares representations with attention, as demonstrated by Stroop and Simon effects in WM tasks. This suggests working memory is a form of internally directed attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • A prior study indicated working memory (WM) utilizes similar representations as attention, evidenced by a WM Stroop effect.
  • Further investigation is required to confirm if WM operates on the same representational level as attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the WM Stroop effect persists when WM content and perceptual tasks lack overlapping response sets.
  • To investigate if visuo-spatial information in WM interferes with perceptual judgment, similar to verbal information.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Employed an attentional word-color task and a WM word-color task without overlapping response sets.
  • Experiment 2: Utilized classic and WM Simon tasks to assess interference from visuo-spatial WM content.

Main Results:

  • A WM Stroop effect was observed even when stimuli indirectly evoked color representations, interfering with color judgments in both attentional and WM tasks.
  • A WM Simon effect, comparable in magnitude to the classic Simon effect, was found, confirming stimulus-response compatibility in WM.
  • Both experiments demonstrated that WM operates on the same representations as attention.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory (WM) appears to function using the same representational mechanisms as attention.
  • These findings support the theory that working memory is essentially internally directed attention.