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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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[Diagnosing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder].

Cæcilie Böck Buhmann1, Henrik Steen Andersen

  • 1caecilie.boeck.buhmann@regionh.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|June 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis criteria are evolving differently in DSM-5 and ICD-11. While treatments like trauma-focused CBT and EMDR are preferred, evidence for their effectiveness and pharmacotherapy lags.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are evolving, with notable divergence between the DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11.
  • The landscape of PTSD treatment is advancing, yet robust evidence supporting treatment efficacy requires further development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of PTSD diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight the differing diagnostic trajectories of DSM-5 and ICD-11.
  • To assess the evidence base for current PTSD interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic manuals (DSM-5, ICD-11).
  • Synthesis of current research on PTSD treatment efficacy.
  • Analysis of evidence for psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic interventions.

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Main Results:

  • DSM-5 and ICD-11 present distinct approaches to PTSD classification.
  • Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are established first-line treatments.
  • Pharmacotherapy, including paroxetine, venlafaxine, and fluoxetine, shows some evidence, with less support for sertraline.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing evolution of PTSD diagnostic criteria necessitates careful consideration of differing international standards.
  • While leading psychotherapies are recommended, a stronger evidence base is needed to guide treatment selection and optimize outcomes.
  • Pharmacological interventions offer secondary treatment options, with varying degrees of empirical support.