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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Phagocytosis00:41

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Phagocytosis00:41

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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Endocytosis01:16

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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
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Quantification of Efferocytosis by Single-cell Fluorescence Microscopy
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Quantification of Efferocytosis by Single-cell Fluorescence Microscopy

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Cell Removal: Efferocytosis.

Peter M Henson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, and Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80206;

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell removal in metazoans is vital for development and tissue homeostasis, involving phagocytes recognizing and engulfing target cells. Disruptions can lead to inflammation and disease.

Keywords:
apoptosisinflammationmacrophagesphagocytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cell removal in situ is crucial for metazoan development, including embryonic stages, larval maturation, and metamorphosis.
  • In adult organisms, this process maintains tissue homeostasis, integrity, and responds to cell injury.
  • Cellular removal involves phagocytes, such as tissue-resident cells or professional phagocytes like macrophages, engulfing target cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a general overview of the complex processes involved in cellular removal in metazoans.
  • To discuss the recognition mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and ingestion processes utilized by phagocytes.
  • To explore the implications of disrupted cell removal in the context of inflammation, immunity, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular removal mechanisms in metazoans.
  • Discussion of conserved recognition ligands and receptors involved in phagocytosis.
  • Analysis of intracellular signaling pathways and ingestion mechanisms in phagocytes.

Main Results:

  • Cellular removal is a highly conserved process involving specialized recognition systems.
  • Phagocyte recognition of cells for removal is distinct from immune recognition of foreign materials.
  • Normal cell removal is typically a silent process that does not elicit local tissue reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular removal is fundamental to metazoan life, essential for both development and adult tissue maintenance.
  • Dysregulation of these silent removal pathways can significantly contribute to inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
  • Understanding these processes offers insights into maintaining tissue health and treating pathological conditions.