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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Sebaceous hyperplasia resembling lymphangioma circumscriptum.

Sabyasachi Majumdar1, Ashok Aggarwal1

  • 1Skin Institute and School of Dermatology, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|June 16, 2017
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Summary

This case study describes a young boy with unusual skin lesions on his ear, initially resembling lymphangioma circumscriptum. Histology confirmed these were due to sebaceous hyperplasia, a rare finding in this presentation.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign condition characterized by enlarged sebaceous glands.
  • Psoriasiform dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition presenting with scaling and redness.

Observation:

  • A pediatric patient presented with soft, linear papules on the left ear and psoriasiform dermatitis of the scalp.
  • The ear lesions clinically mimicked lymphangioma circumscriptum, a vascular malformation.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination revealed multiple hyperplastic sebaceous glands originating from a single duct.
  • Dilated hair follicles were also noted, supporting the diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia.

Implications:

  • This case highlights sebaceous hyperplasia as a potential mimic of other dermatological conditions in pediatric patients.
  • Understanding this differential diagnosis is crucial for accurate clinical assessment and treatment planning.