Proposal of a new classification scheme for periocular injuries

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Plastic Surgery
• Trauma Surgery

Background:

• Eyelids are crucial for ocular protection, tear film integrity, and facial aesthetics.
• Ophthalmic trauma, particularly periocular injuries, is a growing concern due to modern lifestyle and machinery dependence.
• A standardized classification is needed to effectively study and manage periocular trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a comprehensive classification system for periocular soft tissue injuries.
• To stratify eyelid injuries based on clinico-anatomical patterns.
• To provide a framework for scientific study and treatment of periocular trauma.

Main Methods:

• A thorough literature search for existing periocular trauma classification systems was conducted.
• A novel classification system, the System for Peri-Ocular Trauma (SPOT), was designed based on clinico-anatomical presentations.
• The SPOT classification was prospectively applied to patients with periocular soft tissue injuries.

Main Results:

• A five-type classification scheme for periocular injuries was established.
• The study evaluated 38 eyelid injuries in 34 patients using the SPOT classification.
• Type V injuries were most frequent, while Type II injuries were common as isolated injuries.

Conclusions:

• The SPOT classification provides a reliable framework for addressing eyelid injuries.
• This system aids ophthalmic and facial reconstructive surgeons in achieving optimal patient outcomes.
• An algorithm for facilitating repair and reconstruction based on the SPOT classification is presented.