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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

6.0K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.5K
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

43.2K
The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
43.2K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

19.0K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Lateral Diffusion and Exocytosis of Membrane Proteins in Cultured Neurons Assessed using Fluorescence Recovery and Fluorescence-loss Photobleaching
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Lateral Diffusion and Exocytosis of Membrane Proteins in Cultured Neurons Assessed using Fluorescence Recovery and Fluorescence-loss Photobleaching

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Lateral diffusion induced by active proteins in a biomembrane.

Yuto Hosaka1, Kento Yasuda1, Ryuichi Okamoto1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.

Physical Review. E
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Active protein molecules in lipid membranes create hydrodynamic effects. Their diffusion and drift depend on object size, influenced by membrane geometry and solvent interactions.

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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Lateral Mobility and Ion Channel Activity in Lipid Bilayers using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence TIRF Microscopy
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Lateral Mobility and Ion Channel Activity in Lipid Bilayers using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence TIRF Microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • Active molecules in lipid bilayers generate hydrodynamic flows.
  • Understanding these flows is crucial for membrane dynamics and cellular processes.
  • The surrounding solvent significantly influences hydrodynamic interactions within membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrodynamic collective effects of active proteins in lipid membranes.
  • To analyze the impact of membrane geometry (free vs. confined) on these effects.
  • To quantify active diffusion and drift considering solvent and object size.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling active proteins as stochastic force dipoles.
  • Utilizing generalized membrane mobility tensors.
  • Analyzing two distinct membrane geometries: free and confined.

Main Results:

  • Active diffusion coefficient and drift velocity are functions of diffusing object size.
  • Hydrodynamic screening lengths define distinct asymptotic regimes.
  • Two characteristic length scales govern the crossover between thermal and nonthermal diffusion contributions.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane geometry and solvent effects critically modulate hydrodynamic interactions of active proteins.
  • Characteristic lengths provide insights into the interplay of thermal and nonthermal diffusion.
  • The study offers a framework for understanding active matter in complex membrane environments.