Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.7K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.7K
Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.9K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
36.9K
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

9.7K
Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
9.7K
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

28.6K
The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
28.6K
Gibbs Free Energy02:39

Gibbs Free Energy

40.0K
One of the challenges of using the second law of thermodynamics to determine if a process is spontaneous is that it requires measurements of the entropy change for the system and the entropy change for the surroundings. An alternative approach involving a new thermodynamic property defined in terms of system properties only was introduced in the late nineteenth century by American mathematician Josiah Willard Gibbs. This new property is called the Gibbs free energy (G) (or simply the free...
40.0K
Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability02:23

Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability

8.5K
The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anomalous Diffusion and Run-and-Tumble Motion of a Chemotactic Particle in Low Dimensions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Quenched properties of the spectral form factor.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Geometric Phase Transition of the Three-Dimensional Z_{2} Lattice Gauge Model.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

High-temperature quantum coherence of spinons in a rare-earth spin chain.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Principal component analysis of absorbing state phase transitions.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

SWAP algorithm for lattice spin models.

Physical review. E·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

8.7K

Measuring effective temperatures in a generalized Gibbs ensemble.

Laura Foini1,2, Andrea Gambassi3, Robert Konik4

  • 1Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Physical Review. E
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers propose using experimental fluctuation-dissipation relationships to determine parameters for generalized Gibbs ensembles in quantum systems. This method simplifies understanding the stationary states of integrable systems after a quench.

More Related Videos

Differential Scanning Calorimetry — A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen
08:13

Differential Scanning Calorimetry — A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen

Published on: March 4, 2017

40.5K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

8.7K
Differential Scanning Calorimetry — A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen
08:13

Differential Scanning Calorimetry — A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen

Published on: March 4, 2017

40.5K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information

Background:

  • Isolated quantum systems reaching stationary states after a quench are typically described by the Gibbs ensemble.
  • Integrable systems require additional conserved quantities, leading to a generalized Gibbs ensemble.
  • Determining the parameters for generalized Gibbs ensembles is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a practical method for determining the parameters of the generalized Gibbs ensemble.
  • To connect theoretical descriptions of quantum systems with experimental observables.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing fluctuation-dissipation relationships.
  • Analyzing the connection between response and correlation functions of natural observables.
  • Applying the method to simple models of integrable quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that fluctuation-dissipation relationships can effectively determine generalized Gibbs ensemble parameters.
  • Identified experimentally accessible quantities (response and correlation functions) for parameter determination.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a practical route to characterizing stationary states in integrable quantum systems.
  • Experimental measurements of observable fluctuations and responses can unlock insights into complex quantum states.