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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

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Published on: June 21, 2024

Binaural sensitivity in children who use bilateral cochlear implants.

Erica Ehlers¹, Matthew J Goupell², Yi Zheng³

¹University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|June 17, 2017

Summary

Children with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) show improved spatial hearing but lag behind normal-hearing peers. Early auditory experience impacts the development of binaural sensitivity, crucial for hearing development.

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Children with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) exhibit deficits in spatial hearing compared to normal-hearing (NH) peers.
This performance gap is partly due to limitations in current speech processors' ability to convey binaural cues.
The developmental trajectory of binaural sensitivity in children with BiCIs is less understood than in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the development of binaural sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) in children with BiCIs.
To compare binaural sensitivity development in children with BiCIs to that of NH children.
To explore the impact of auditory deprivation on the maturation of binaural hearing circuits.

Main Methods:

Sixteen children (ages 9-17) with BiCIs and NH children were tested using synchronized research processors.
Experiments involved discriminating ITDs and ILDs presented to pitch-matched electrodes.
A lateralization task assessed the perceived intracranial position of ITDs and ILDs.

Main Results:

All children demonstrated sensitivity to ILDs, potentially influenced by monaural level cues.
Children with BiCIs who were born deaf showed limited or no ITD sensitivity.
Children with prior acoustic hearing experience exhibited ITD sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Auditory deprivation, especially the lack of early interaural timing differences, may impede binaural circuit maturation in children with BiCIs.
Delayed maturation of binaural sensitivity can lead to insensitivity to binaural cues.
Early auditory input is critical for developing robust binaural hearing skills.