Recent advances in the management of Wilms' tumor

The objective of this article is to present an overview of recent trends in the management of Wilms' tumor. With improved survival rates in the past few decades, critical long-term adverse therapy effects (such as renal insufficiency, secondary malignancies, and heart failure) and prevention measures (i.e. nephron-sparing surgery and minimizing the use of radiotherapy) have gained worldwide attention. Specific disease biomarkers that could help stratify high-risk from low-risk patients, and therefore fine-tune management, are in great demand. Ultimately, we aim to enhance clinical outcomes and maintain or improve current survival rates while avoiding undesirable treatment side effects and minimizing the exposure and intensity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.