Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
Published on: August 2, 2018
Maintenance of redox homeostasis by hypoxia-inducible factors
Debangshu Samanta1, Gregg L Semenza2
1McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Abstract:
Oxidative phosphorylation enables cells to generate the large amounts of ATP required for development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. However, under conditions of reduced O2 availability, electron transport becomes less efficient, leading to increased generation of superoxide anions. Hypoxia-inducible factors switch cells from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, to reduce mitochondrial superoxide generation, and increase the synthesis of NADPH and glutathione, in order to maintain redox homeostasis under hypoxic conditions.
Related Concept Videos
Hypoxia
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Redox Reactions
Redox Reactions
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...

