Reusable urine glucose sensor based on functionalized graphene oxide conjugated Au electrode with protective layers

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Accurate glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management.
• Existing urine glucose sensors face challenges with stability and interference.
• Developing robust electrochemical biosensors is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a stable electrochemical sensor for measuring glucose concentration in urine.
• To enhance sensor performance using a multi-layered approach on functionalized graphene oxide electrodes.
• To validate the sensor's accuracy against clinical samples and commercial glucose meters.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of gold printed circuit board electrodes functionalized with graphene oxide via chemical adsorption.
• Uniform multi-layer coating of polymers on the electrode surface.
• Electrochemical evaluation of sensor response to glucose, interference, and stability.
• Testing with hyperglycemic clinical urine samples and comparison with blood glucose meter readings.

Main Results:

• The developed sensor demonstrated enhanced electrochemical responses to glucose.
• The multi-layered electrode exhibited superior resistivity against interfering substances commonly found in urine.
• The sensor showed durable stability over extended periods.
• Urine glucose measurements correlated well with blood glucose levels from commercial meters.

Conclusions:

• The novel multi-layered graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor provides a stable and accurate method for urine glucose detection.
• This technology offers a promising alternative for non-invasive glucose monitoring in clinical settings.
• The sensor's performance suggests potential for improved diabetes management through urine analysis.