Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Published on: December 14, 2017
On the presence of plutonium in Madagascar following the SNAP-9A satellite failure
C Rääf1, E Holm2, N Rabesiranana3
1Medical Radiation Physics, ITM, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
Abstract:
This study examined the 238Pu and 239+240Pu activity concentration and the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio in peat bogs sampled in 2012 from marshlands in central Madagascar. The purpose was to investigate the presence of plutonium isotopes, 238, 239, 240Pu, from the 1964 satellite failure carrying a SNAP-9A radiothermal generator. With an average 238Pu/239+240Pu activity ratio of 0.165 ± 0.02 (decay corrected to 1964), the peat bogs in Madagascar exhibit similar values as the ones found in the southeastern African continent, except they are one order of magnitude higher than expected (0.025) from global fallout in the Southern Hemisphere. The 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio showed a distinct decrease for layers dating back to the mid-1960s (down to 0.069 compared with an anticipated ratio of 0.17 for global fallout), indicating that the SNAP-9A failure also resulted in an elevated deposition of 239Pu. The obtained results demonstrate that further Pu analysis in Madagascar and in southeastern continental Africa is necessary to fully account for the regional Pu deposition from the SNAP-9A event.
Related Concept Videos
Nuclear Transmutation
Nuclear Stability
To hold positively charged protons together...
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fission
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

