Neural patterns elicited by sentence processing uniquely characterize typical development, SLI recovery, and SLI
Eileen Haebig1, Christine Weber1, Laurence B Leonard1
1Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
Adolescents with persistent specific language impairment (SLI) show persistent behavioral and neural language processing delays. Those who recovered from SLI demonstrate normal processing for some language aspects but may use compensatory strategies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
Background:
- Understanding the developmental trajectory of specific language impairment (SLI) is limited.
- Neural indices of language processing in children with different language trajectories require examination.
- This study investigates language processing in adolescents with normal development (NL), persistent SLI, and recovered SLI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the behavioral and neural bases of language processing in adolescents.
- To compare language processing across three developmental trajectories: normal development, persistent SLI, and recovered SLI.
- To identify differences in semantic and syntactic processing using behavioral and electroencephalographic measures.
Main Methods:
- A sentence judgment task was used to assess semantic and syntactic processing.
- Adolescents judged the correctness of spoken sentences with semantic or syntactic verb errors.
- Behavioral responses and electroencephalographic (EEG) data, including N400 and P600 components, were collected.
Main Results:
- Persistent SLI adolescents exhibited lower overall sentence judgment accuracy.
- The persistent SLI group showed a less robust P600 response to syntactic violations.
- Recovered SLI adolescents displayed similar neural profiles to the NL group for omission errors but unique patterns for commission errors.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with persistent SLI demonstrate ongoing behavioral and neural language processing delays.
- Adolescents who recovered from SLI show improved language processing skills.
- Recovered SLI adolescents may employ compensatory processing strategies, indicated by distinct event-related potential profiles.
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